1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage 比例

5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于、考虑到，尽管

6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit

9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的

10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）

11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of

14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人

15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 ment =right （权利）

17.purchase/ buy

18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 s =[n ]

19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]

20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）

23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>

24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing